Abstract
Although components of Parkinson's disease can be found very early in the documents, the first clear medical description was written in 1817 by James Parkinson. In the mid 1800s, Jean-Martin Charcot was particularly influential in the development and expansion of this early description and disseminating information internationally about Parkinson's disease. Was separated from Parkinson's disease of multiple sclerosis and other disorders characterized by tremor, and later recognized that cases are likely to be classified among the Parkinson-plus syndromes. The first treatments of Parkinson's disease is based on empirical observation, and anticholinergic drugs are already used in the nineteenth century. The discovery of dopaminergic deficits in Parkinson's disease and the route of synthesis of dopamine resulted in the first human trials of levodopa. Also historically significant anatomical, physiological and biochemical studies identified additional targets for pharmacological and neurosurgical Parkinson's disease and allow modern doctors that offer a variety of therapies designed to improve the function of this still incurable disease.
Important historical anchors for the study of the disease of Parkinson concern the first descriptions of the disease, its separation from other neurological conditions, and the evolution of therapy from empirical observations rational treatment designs based on the growing knowledge of anatomy, biochemistry and physiology of the basal ganglia. While the rest of the collection will focus on current and future directions of these issues, this article provides a history of Parkinson's disease, mainly emphasizing the people and the discoveries of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
Other early descriptions
Before the description of Parkinson tremor references to be found in the writings of Hippocrates, Silvius of Boe (1663, 1680) and Sauvages (1768). A possible description of Parkinson's disease in Sanskrit is registered under the name Kampavata in ancient Indian medical text, Basavarajiyam (1400).
Based on case histories of Parkinson, Jean-Martin Charcot was the leading figure of Parkinson's disease lead to international attention. In his teaching at the Salpêtrière hospital in the 1860s and later, Charcot emphasized the cardinal features of resting tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, and gait / balance that characterize Parkinson's disease. He and his students described the full clinical spectrum of the disease, according to two prototypical forms, trembling and rigid / akinesia. It also describes arthritic changes, pain, dysautonomia and mental disorders that occur in the natural history of the disease. Charcot was the first to suggest the term "Parkinson's disease", rejecting the previous designation of "shaking palsy," noting that patients with Parkinson's disease are not markedly weak, neither have tremor.
Gowers also contributed additional seminal observations based on personal experience with 80 patients in their practice London. Your Manual Nervous System Diseases (1888) emphasizes the emergence of middle age and male predominance.
The first autobiographical notes of a famous Parkinson's patient found in the writings of Wilhelm von Humboldt, the German reformer academic, humanist and statesman. His letters from 1828 until his death in 1835 to document resting tremor, micrograph, a sense of inner turmoil, coordination difficulties, and frustration of supporting progressive motor decline. A statue of von Humboldt by Friedrich Drake (1834) captured the typical parkinsonian posture year before the most famous statues of Paul Richer doctors.
The first film documents by Marinescu, Van Gehuchten and later, Putnam and Herz, capture the characteristics of Parkinson's disease and allowed for frame by frame analysis. The difficulties in the balance of propulsion and retropulsive Parkinson's disease are especially captured untreated. Film Documents post-encephalitic parkinsonism contrasts serve.
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