How DOES GENETIC ENGINEERING WORK ?

How DOES GENETIC ENGINEERING WORK ?
Genetic engineering methods are not simple, and they constantly change with the development of new technologies. But the basic premise remains the same: Scientists combine the genes of one organism with the genes of another or otherwise modify a gene. There are three methods scientists typically use: the plasm Id method, the vector method, and the biolistic method. However, other methods orvariations of these methods are also being used.  The plasmid method is the most widely used method by scientists to alter genes. Using this method, scientists can remove a section of DNA from one organism and replace it with the DNA of another organism. This modified DNA is then allowed to absorb into bacteria, which incorporate the DNA intotheir own structure. The bacteria with the new DNA are then allowed to divide and pass along the new genetic material.

The vector method is similar to the plasmid method. After scientists have created a new strand of DNA, it is directly inserted into known genomes using a virus. Viruses insert their DNA into healthy cells. The cells then reproduce with the virus’s DNA. This is how viruses reproduce. To use viruses for genetic engineering, large
portions of a virus’s DNA must be removed. If this were not done, the virus would still be harmful.
New DNA can then be inserted into the virus, which will insert the new DNA into the genome being
modified. The biolistic method is often used when genetic engineers seek to modify the DNA in plants. In this method, metal pellets are coated with modified DNA and are fired at plant cells. Some of the cells take up
the new DNA. Scientists allow these cells to grow.