Established human cell lines

Cell lines that originate with humans have been somewhat controversial in bioethics, as they may outlive their parent organism and later be used in the discovery of lucrative medical treatments. In the pioneering decision in this area, the Supreme Court of California held in Moore v. Regents of the University of California that human patients have no property rights in cell lines derived from organs removed with their consent.

Genetic Engineering : Formation of Recombinant DNA

Genetic Engineering : Formation of Recombinant DNA 

The new hybrid molecule, called recombinant DNA, has

genetic properties that differ from the original DNA pieces.

By iwicrting new DNA into an organism, scientists can

change the organism’s physical traits.

        animal, cloning would allow the researchers to make as many copies of the “new” animal as desired in a
shorter amount of time. These processes are types of biotechnology—the use of living organisms, such as yeast or bacteria, to serve human needs. Some traditional forms of biotechnology are bread making and beer making. These procedures use yeast to make products for human consumption. Cheese, vinegar, and wine are also products of this traditional science. Some scientists see genetic engineering as a natural extension of these older forms of biotechnology.
                           But this sophisticated technology raises many controversial issues. Because of its many applications, different fields of biotechnology have their own unique issues. The questions that arise from the development of new plants and animals are different from those related to human life or the environment. A careful consideration of each of these fields will enable people to think about how to use this technology for the progress of humankind, and how to avoid its potential perils.